Summer Session for Teachers, 2004
Central
and South American Culture
General
Resources
Librarian's Index to the Internet
Find websites on Central and South American
cultures that have been evaluated by professional
librarians at the Librarian's Index to
the Internet.
http://lii.org/
Use search terms such as Central American Masks,
or South American
tribes or names of specific countries.
Gateway
to Educational Materials
http://thegateway.org/
High
quality lesson plans, curriculum units
and other education resources on the Internet,
found on various federal, state, university,
non-profit, and commercial Internet sites.
GEM is sponsored by the U. S. Department
of Education.
Marco
Polo Search
http://www.marcopolosearch.org/mpsearch/basic_search.asp
The
MarcoPolo Search Engine provides access
to all of the educational resources created
by the MarcoPolo Partners plus Partner
reviewed materials.
Central
and South American Links, including Latin
Music, Latin Storytelling and Flamenco
Dance
Latin
Music: Cuban Music, Afro-Latin Music Links
Cuban
Music http://www.afrocubaweb.com/music.html has
links to arts and artists, including folkloric/religious
genres: (Cuban-Haitian, Cuban-Kongo/Bantu,
and Cuban-Yoruba.) and web resources with
musical clips such as Cuba Music http://members.aol.com/al31/cuba_music.html and
for information on Clave rhythms CLAVE
CONCEPTS; Afro Cuban Rhythms http://pertout.customer.netspace.net.au/lclaveac.htm and
also see CLAVE
CONCEPTS; Tito
Puente's "Para Los Rumberos under Lessons at http://www.alexpertout.com/.
http://www.mamborama.com/cuba_music.html examines
the older and contemporary
styles and genres of Cuban music, noting
that while influences from Africa and Spain
were predominant, Cuban music has also been
shaped by the music of Europe, Latin-America
and American pop music and jazz as well.
The
Bat‡ Drums http://www.lafi.org/magazine/articles/batadrums.html,
a site presented by the Latin American
Folk Institute -- a center to
promote, study and develop Latin American
arts and culture -- describes Bat‡ drums,
instruments dating back hundreds of years
that have traveled across continents
preserving the rhythms of African sacred
music. African
Instruments http://www.lafi.org/magazine/articles/african.html examines
the influences of Cuban music. The
Songs http://www.lafi.org/magazine/articles/thesongs.html provides
a more tightly focused examination of
a particular musical tradition: Songs
to the Gods of Santeria; ãFor the Yoruba, in what today is Nigeria,
the gods were manifested in natural objects
and connected to natural forces such
as water, fire, and thunder. The gods
had supernatural powers, but were also
very human in their frailties as well
as virtues. They could be angry, generous,
jealous, mischievous, bold, lustful,
caring, or deceitful. They could be called
upon for assistance, and invoked at ceremonies
where they took possession of individual
men and women among the celebrants.ä
A
Brief Cultural History of Cuba http://www.cwo.com/~lucumi/history.htm presents
a history of Cuban music and describes
various musical styles and how many of
them developed in the climate of a mixed-race
and culturally diverse environment; ãover
one hundred different African ethnic
groups in 19th century Cuba, and fourteen
distinct Înationsâ preserved
their identity in the mutual aid associations
and social clubs known as Îcabildo.ä
The
History of Capoeira http://www.capoeira.htmlplanet.com/capoeira_hist.htm covers
material explaining capoeira,
an Afro-Brazilian dance-like martial art
form. The
Berimbau by Alex Pertout http://pertout.customer.netspace.net.au/lberimbau.htm describes
the berimbau,
which is the primary instrument played
in capoeira music.
Race and History/ Taino www.raceandhistory.com/Taino/ a web site that looks at the specific designations of natives of the islands including the Ta’no, Arawaks and Caribs and their interface with the Spanish conquerors.
African
Religions, by Mary Ann Clark http://sparta.rice.edu/~maryc/AfroCuban.html gives
the background for religious context
of Santeria including the respect and
belief in the sacredness of the earth,
the egun or the ancestors, the orishas the
saints or guardians.
Haiti
Introduction to Voodoo http://www.websteruniv.edu/~corbetre/haiti/voodoo/overview.htm provides
information on Haitian loas which also
relate to the West African Orishas; information
was gathered from Maya Deren's THE
DIVINE HORSEMAN.
Latin
Stories from Puerto Rico, Cuba, visual
images and internet resources
Bierhorst, John. The
Mythology of Mexico and Central America. New
York: Quill, 1992
Galeano, Eduardo. Memory
of Fire, 3 vols., New York: Pantheon
and Norton. 1985-88
Hamilton, Virginia. In
the Beginning: Creation Stories from Around
the World. San Diego: Harcourt Brace,
1988.
National Hispanic Heritage Month in 2000 featured at http://edsitement.neh.gov/monthly_feature.asp?id=31 documents early settlers of the new world. This site has links that connect to primary sources, such as the 1542 Relation, written by Alvar Nœ„ez Cabeza de Vaca of his journey in the New World. See http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/one/cabeza.htm.
Latin
American Network Information Center http://info.lanic.utexas.edu/ offers
lessons, contextual information and bibliographies
specifically for Latin American studies.
El
Boricua, a Cultural Site for Puerto
Ricans
http://www.elboricua.com/ is
an educational site dedicated to Puerto
Rico's culture and history. Information is provided about the
Ta’no, the original inhabitants of Puerto Rico,
about African cultural influences, about national
symbols, songs, holidays, poets, and foods. The
text cites three references: Ta’nos,
The People Who Welcomed Columbus by Francine
Jacobs; Ta’no,
Pre-Columbian Art and Culture from the Caribbean,
published by El Museo del Barrio; The
Ta’nos,
Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus by
Irvin Rouse. This
is a thorough description of everyday life complete
with a glossary of Ta’no words.
From
Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute, 93.02.12
Puerto Rican Folktales
http://www.cis.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1993/2/93.02.12.x.html offers
folktales, lesson plans and bibliography.
A
Collector's Vision of Puerto Rico A
link at the Smithsonianâs index
at http://americanhistory.si.edu/vidal/index.htm
offers images of objects in their collection
that may be downloaded for personal
or educational use.
Manuel, Peter. Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia, PA: University Press, 1995 is an overview of music from Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other Caribbean nations enhanced with numerous illustrations and musical examples, including its primarily African and European roots. http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1175_reg.html
Flamenco
Dance Links
Flamenco
History http://flamencodance.com/history.html provides
a brief history of flamenco on the website
of Flamenco dancer Laurena Marrone, Solo
Flamenco Center.
Flamenco http://www.flamencomania.com/history.html. The Flamenco art form is described here as comprised of three elements: the song (el cante), the dance (el baile) and the guitar (el toque). Older Flamenco traditions are compared in this article to more recent developments in the field.
Flamenco
history http://herso.freeservers.com/hist_fl.html builds
understanding around the political
era in which Flamenco is born.
Flamenco http://www.centralhome.com/ballroomcountry/flamenco_history.htm suggests migrations of people from the Punjabi region of India. in 800 and 900 A.D, nomadic groups, referred to as Roman and/or gypsies, moved west through Asia, Europe and into Spain and also traveled south and then west through North Africa into the Andalusian area of Southern Spain. These people are recorded in Barcelona by 1447.
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